J.L. Cabell’s A Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind and

J.L. Cabell’s A Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind and the Human Unity Debate If there is any one ideal that we can say each individual in the world desires, it could very likely be equality. Over the ages, humans have been particularly interested in the equality between their fellow man. More specifically, man has been more curious about the concept of race and in finding a scientific validation for the noticeable difference between the races. As the field of science gained authority, the search for a scientific explanation for variations in mankind came to a head in the middle of the nineteenth century. While it was very easy to classify the other forms of life on the planet by species, it was more difficult for humans. There were those who believed that all of humans came from the same, original creation and were, therefore, of the exact same species. On the other hand, there were many who advocated a multiple-creation theory that involved a separate origin for different types, or races, of man. A great debate raged between scientists from all around the world on this topic for much of the eighteen-forties and fifties. The human unity debate saw some of the most intriguing scientific dialogue the world had seen up to that day, and includes a great deal of discussion on the role, or non-role, of religion in scientific theory. Of the many biologists, zoologists, physiologists, and many others to take part in this debate was professor of comparative biology and physiology at University of Virginia, James Lawrence Cabell. Born in 1813 to a large family of prominent doctors, Cabell attended the University of Virginia and attended classes in each of the Universit... ...eliefs and truly question themselves. A nation should be proud to look back at its history, no matter how unfortunate, and be satisfied with the changes it has made for the better. While we have come far since the nineteenth century, no one can deny that many injustices still exist in the U.S. today. We should remember our past and how bravely and fiercely many have fought for equality for all, and maybe someday we could truly realize that ideal. Works Cited 1. Dain, Bruce. A Hideous Monster of the Mind: American Race theory in the Early Republic. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. 2002 2. Lurie, Edward. â€Å"Louis Agassiz and the Races of Man†. Isis, Vol. 45, No. 3 (Sep., 1954), 227-242 3. Stanton, William. The Leopard’s Spots: Scientific Attitudes Toward Race in America 1815-59. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 1960

Women in Law Enforcement

Women in Law Enforcement Essay There are many stereotypes that women in law enforcement field had to face throughout time. Women troubled with being taken serious as a crime fighter, or if a women would ever be allowed to become a police officer, was a question because women are usually viewed from others as too small, weak and gentle to ever be taken serious from the public. In this research paper I will explain the background on women in the law enforcement and how women have the same intelligence, communication, compassion, and diplomacy as a male officer.Having examples from articles and an interview from a women officer will help my thesis on how women can be successful as any male officer. Women have struggled since the early 1800s to have a career with law enforcement so one day hope to succeed and be recognized as a valued part of law enforcement just like their male counterparts. Women dealt with lack of respect, sexual harassment, discrimination.These times were very diffic ult and challenging for female officers not only verbally and emotionally but also because the police department only made uniforms to fit men officers, who made the female officers, look unprofessional and uncomfortable and very hard to do their job, when they could hardly walk in the heavy yet loose-fitting uniforms they wore. â€Å"In the past women had two choices: They could wear a very high-waisted, darted pants pattern from the 1970s or they could wear men's pants,†(Garret).These uniforms make a female’s job even more difficult with the extra weight and fabric bunched inside of their uniform, also caused a delay when reaching for their firearm. The uniforms made their job even more dangerous for females than for male officers. This demonstrates an immense example of how fearless women had to be, known that they were an easier target to take advantage of and was more overlooked from citizens. During World War II women were hired into law enforcement agencies, exc ept most of these women who were hired to auxiliary work.The women that joined the police force during the war helped to assist new men that were employed or couldn’t join the military. Many women worked as dispatchers or clerical workers within the departments. While men officers still had patrol duties and worked as the crime fighters. The women were stuck with any job that a male officer wouldn’t like to do or feel comfortable doing, like helping with children and young women, or talking to families.After the war had ended a new push toward advancing women in the career through integration with the men officers, became more demanding than ever before. The amount of women wanting a career in law enforcement encouraged them to work harder for a higher profession as a career distinct from a social worker and office help to working in the field with the men; starting with patrol ride along. These changes led to greater demands for equal treatment and opportunities for w omen police officers.The 1950s and early 1960s was when women started to double with the number of them working in law enforcement. This was the beginning of a change in policing that would have a dramatic effect on women in law enforcement everywhere. The changes helped women excel with the police force throughout the 70's and 80's. In 1972 the Civil Rights Act Title VII expanded to include public agencies and as a result police departments were prohibited by law from discriminating against women in hiring, recruiting, promotions, and working conditions.The Revenue Sharing Act and the Crime Control Act, both helped women significantly on holding funds from departments that discriminated against. The percentage of women in police agencies from 1960 to around 1980 kept ever-increasing with larger numbers of women joining which brought more opportunities and challenges for them. From 1970 into the early 1990’s women in law enforcement have worked and fought for the same equal j obs of policing as men officers. A few examples would be on patrol, in command positions, and in promoting and recruiting officers. It is clear that the structural changes in the law in the United States have helped to create an increase in the numbers of women in this traditionally male dominated field of police work. In policing, as departments expanded in the early 1970's, a related increase of black and white women police occurred driven by affirmative action practices†(Price). In 1985 Penny Harrington became the first woman to be named Chief of Police for a major city, Portland, Oregon, and in Atlanta, Georgia in 1994 Beverly J. Harvard became the first African American woman to be made Chief of Police for a large city.These accomplishments are a strong testament to the courage and perseverance that women have shown throughout the history of women in policing. Despite the fact that the law enforcement fields are heavily male dominated, woman have been making a large impac t for themselves throughout country. Until the women's liberal movement in the 1970s, women generally had clerical roles or held jobs as dispatchers. Then, civil rights and affirmative action laws enabled women to assume they would have a job in law enforcement.

Brand-Related Information Influence And Purchase Decisions

The last couple of decades have witnessed rapid technological advancements, which have consequently caused dramatic changes in the way we live, work, and play (Peterson, Balasubramanian, Bronnenberg, 1997). Likewise, it is little doubt that the lives of consumers and their purchase behavior have also undergone change. The advent of the Internet has been increasingly considered as a unique and interactive medium for conducting research on brand information (Porter, 2001; Steckel et al., 2005). For example, imagine that Joes cell phone recently stopped working and now, Joe is in the market to buy a new phone. Joe is not quite sure which cell phone brand is the most popular and which brand is most likely to deliver what he is looking for†¦show more content†¦Others, however, argue on the contrary and suggest that exchanging information with unknown people through customer-to-customer sources is not perceived as trustworthy or even valuable to consumers when making a purchase d ecision (Mathwick, Wiertz, De Ruyter, 2008). In addition, Hà ¤ubl and Trifts (2000) demonstrate that agent recommendations, those that are based on self-explicated information about a consumers desired utility and function, reduce the search effort and aids in making purchase decisions. Contrarily, Steckel et al. (2005) argue that if agents are neither autonomous nor believable, they may lead to bias in consumer decision-making. Some studies also show that consumers favor peer sources more than corporate information (Bickart Schindler, 2001; van Beuningen et al., 2009). Lastly, it is also likely that consumers may not perceive all information sources as equally valuable due to the characteristics of those sources (Lurie,2004). Although these studies have demonstrated that online information sources influence consumer decision-making, research has yet to be conducted that demonstrates the incorporation of the three types ofShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behaviour1699 Words   |  7 PagesA MODEL OF CONSUMER DECISION MAKING The process of consumer decision making has 3 stages: input stage, process stage and output stage. The input stage influences the consumer’s recognition of a product need and consists of 2 major sources of information: 1) the company’s marketing efforts (product, price, promotion and price) and the external sociological influences on the consumer (family, friends, neighbours other informal and non-commercial sources, social class and cultural and subculturalRead MoreConsumer Behaviour And Decision Making Process Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter is a presentation of existing literature on purchase intention of counterfeit goods. The literature covers the theory that was the basis of the study and the review of related literature based on the order of the objectives. The literature review is on purchase intention, financial capability, and social factors, consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. 2.2. Theoretical reviewRead MoreThe Literature On Purchase Intention Of Goods Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter presents the existing literature on purchase intention of goods. The literature covers the theory that was the basis of this study and the review of related literature based on the objectives. The literature review focus on purchase intention, economic factors, and social factors, as well as consumers’ attitudes and online buy. While analysing the literature, contributions, weaknesses and gaps in the existing literature were identified. Theoretical review While consumers/buyers haveRead MoreHow Branding Affects Consumer Purchasing Research Proposal Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesProposal. How Does Branding Affect Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions? 1. Introduction Branding is an important element in business. Without a brand, customers have to explain to the sellers in detail about the products that they want, while sellers may be confused or give the wrong products to the customers. Therefore, it can be assumed that brand acts as a sign, name or symbol for the products and services. The main aim of the brand is to identify the products or services of a seller or groups ofRead MoreThe Contributions of Consumer Behaviours to Marketing Effectiveness and a Marketing Manager1178 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. The study of consumer behavior helps firms and organizations improve their marketing effectiveness and strategies by understanding issues such as how: †¢ The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products, and retailers); †¢ The psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his orRead MoreEmerging Issues in Consumer Behavior1355 Words   |  6 Pageshas many differences between the brands will cause a different behavior than an inexpensive item that is purchased all the time. Understanding these differences can spell the difference between a successful product campaign and an unsuccessful one. if the company fails to track their customers successfully then there arises some issues on the behavior of the consumer Characteristics of Consumer Behavior 1. Information Search The search for information is a common characteristic of consumerRead MoreProcess of Purchase1206 Words   |  5 Pages Consumer buying behavior is the decision process and acts of people involved in buying and using products. The final purchase decision is often a result of the interaction between the final decision maker and a range of influencer. 1 The process of purchasing decision passes through five different stages 1- Needs recognition 2- Information Search 3- Evaluation 4- Decision 5- Post purchase evaluation Consumer behavior and purchasing decision is a phenomenon affected by internal and external factorsRead MoreMac Vs. Makeup Art Cosmetics1695 Words   |  7 Pages MAC or Makeup Art Cosmetics is one brand known around the world. MAC cosmetics target consumers from young to older women who love its high contrasts, and vibrant colors. A brand is only accomplished if the â€Å"specific cosmetic is dependent upon the consumer’s perception that the cosmetic will make him/her more attractive.† (Hunt, Fate, Dodds, 2011) Advertising to makeup artist who worked with celebrities Mac was able to define its label with stars such as Lady Gaga, Elton John, and Nicki Minaj.Read MoreConsumer s Influence On Consumer Behavior1272 Words   |  6 Pagesof their decisions in regards to purchasing. Advancements in technology have not only allowed consumers the capability to research, price shop and purchase products, but have also given businesses the ability to reach a targeted market based on data collection and past purchase history. Given that consumers have the purchase power in today’s society, many businesses have implemented situational factors to influence a consumers buying behavior. Consumers typically have a level of purchase involvementRead MoreUnderstanding The Concepts Of Price, Quality And Value From The Consumer Perspective Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving brand attitude and increasing purchase likelihood and increasing brand loyalty/enhancing favorable word-of-mouth. A sample of 147 college students was taken out of which 76 were from China and 71 were from USA. Responses were measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). He concluded that as compared to U.S. consumers, Chinese consumers are considerably more receptive to ads featuring ACEs, especially toward the information contained

The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event

The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Extinction--the global cataclysm that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago--gets all the press, but the fact is that the mother of all global extinctions was the Permian-Triassic (P/T) Event that transpired about 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian period. Within the space of a million years or so, over 90 percent of the earths marine organisms were rendered extinct, along with more than 70 percent of their terrestrial counterparts. In fact, as far as we know, the P/T Extinction was as close as life has ever come to being completely wiped off the planet, and it had a profound effect on the plants and animals that survived into the ensuing Triassic period. (See a list of the Earths 10 Biggest Mass Extinctions.) Before getting to the causes of the Permian-Triassic Extinction, its worth examining its effects in closer detail. The hardest-hit organisms were marine invertebrates possessing calcified shells, including corals, crinoids and ammonoids, as well as various orders of land-dwelling insects (the only time we know of that insects, usually the hardiest of survivors, have ever succumbed to a mass extinction). Granted, this may not seem very dramatic compared to the 10-ton and 100-ton  dinosaurs that went defunct after the K/T Extinction, but these invertebrates dwelt close to the bottom of the food chain, with disastrous effects for vertebrates higher up the evolutionary ladder. Terrestrial organisms (other than insects) were spared the full brunt of the Permian-Triassic Extinction, only losing two-thirds of their numbers, by species and genera. The end of the Permian period witnessed the extinction of most plus-sized amphibians and sauropsid reptiles (i.e., lizards), as well as the majority of the therapsids, or mammal-like reptiles (the scattered survivors of this group evolved into the first mammals during the ensuing Triassic period). Most anapsid reptiles also disappeared, with the exception of the ancient ancestors of modern turtles and tortoises, like Procolophon. Its uncertain how much of an effect the P/T Extinction had on diapsid reptiles, the family from which crocodiles, pterosaurs and dinosaurs evolved, but clearly a sufficient number of diapsids survived to spawn these three major reptile families millions of years later. The Permian-Triassic Extinction Was a Long, Drawn-Out Event The severity of the Permian-Triassic Extinction stands in stark contrast to the leisurely pace at which it unfolded. We know that the later K/T Extinction was precipitated by the impact of an asteroid on Mexicos Yucatan Peninsula, which spewed millions of tons of dust and ash into the air and led, within a couple of hundred (or couple of thousand) years, to the extinction of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and marine reptiles worldwide. By contrast, the P/T Extinction was much less dramatic; by some estimates, this event actually spanned as much as five million years during the late Permian period. Further complicating our assessment of the P/T Extinction, many types of animals were already on the decline before this cataclysm started in earnest. For example, pelycosaurs--the family of prehistoric reptiles best represented by Dimetrodon--had mostly disappeared off the face of the earth by the early Permian period, with a few straggling survivors succumbing millions of years later. The important thing to realize is that not all extinctions at this time can be directly attributed to the P/T Event; the evidence either way is constrained by which animals happen to be preserved in the fossil record. Another important clue, the importance of which has yet to be fully adduced, is that it took an unusually long time for the earth to replenish its previous diversity: for the first couple of million years of the Triassic period, the earth was an arid wasteland, practically devoid of life! What Caused the Permian-Triassic Extinction? Now we come to the million-dollar question: what was the proximate cause of the Great Dying, as the Permian-Triassic Extinction is called by some paleontologists? The slow pace with which the process unfolded points to a variety of interrelated factors, rather than a single, global catastrophe. Scientists have proposed everything from a series of major asteroid strikes (the evidence for which would have been erased by over 200 million years of erosion) to a calamitous change in ocean chemistry, perhaps caused by the sudden release of huge methane deposits (created by decaying microorganisms) from the bottom of the sea floor. The bulk of the recent evidence points to yet another possible culprit--a series of gigantic volcanic eruptions in the region of Pangea that today corresponds to modern-day eastern Russia (i.e., Siberia) and northern China. According to this theory, these eruptions released a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the earths atmosphere, which gradually leached down into the oceans. The disastrous effects were threefold: acidification of the water, global warming, and (most important of all) a drastic reduction in atmospheric and marine oxygen levels, which resulted in the slow asphyxiation of most marine organisms and many terrestrial ones. Could a disaster on the scale of the Permian-Triassic Extinction ever happen again? It may well be happening right now, but in super-slow-motion: the levels of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere are indisputably increasing, thanks partly to our burning of fossil fuels, and life in the oceans is beginning to be affected as well (as witness the crises facing coral reef communities around the world). Its unlikely that global warming will cause human beings to go extinct anytime soon, but the prospects are less sanguine for the rest of the plants and animals with which we share the planet!

Example Of Observation Report - 1843 Words

Observation-is a great fundamental assessment that will allow us to gain information about general strengths and weaknesses of this learner. Robert M. is one of the 10 gifted and talented students in this particular 4th grade class (Data resource – acceptance to gifted and talented program letter, personal file). Observation of Robert’s skills during the class work time (data resource – personal notes): - High performance capabilities in the ELA, Math, Science, and Social Studies areas; - Intellectual capabilities are beyond the average level of students in the 4th grade; - High level of performance in the areas that require critical thinking and problem solving; - Problem solving solutions are usually presented in the unusual, creative†¦show more content†¦2. Pair-share writing assignment, where another student would have a set of really good penmanship skills. 3. Include 1-2 minute stretch break for everybody every 30 to 45 minutes and ask him to wait for the next stretch brake, so we can do it together, but until then encourage him to focus on the class discussion or activity. Random comments will disappear once a certain amount of focus is present. Fountas and Pinnell reading assessment will inform us about Robert’s reading abilities, his comprehension of the text, fluency and vocabulary. According to Fountas and Pinnell reading level system, Robert’s reading level is â€Å"W† (Data source – Fountas and Pinnell reading assessment). Just for comparison purposes, the average reading level in this 4th grade class is â€Å"Q†. Robert scored 3 out of 3 on the comprehension evaluation and only 2 out of 3 on fluency, which means that his reading fluency is in need of some improvement. His fluency score was affected by faster than normal reading speed and that, in turn, was followed by careless reading mistakes and loss of expression through obvious disregard of the punctuation. Robert’s overconfidence that he knows the material, and no text is difficult enough for him is also making him feel as he needs to read the text faster. Following strategies will help Robert to improve his reading fluency: 1. To encourage Robert to slow down and read with expression during theShow MoreRelatedChild Observation Report Essay example1832 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction The location of the observation was at the Community Center (Early Childhood education program) at 11:00am to 12:30pm on April 15, 2014. The meaningful experiences in early childhood education can positively shape childrens development. With a teacher is guidance authentic child-art activity can educate enrich young students learning abilities, encourage positive attitudes toward other children, and more importantly, learn to interact with people around them in the contemporaryRead MoreExamples Of To Add Test788 Words   |  4 Pagesrisk being tested. ï‚ § Start with Ensure. ï‚ § Example: â€Å"Ensure that Batch Manager is continuously monitored to ensure all transactions are cleared and errors are reviewed.† o Type – Select from the dropdown menu ï‚ § Observation – When a onetime observation or multiple observation will be the basis of the test. †¢ Example: Watch a process in progress, inspection, and/or etc. ï‚ § Test of Control – When the control will be directly tested by the test. †¢ Example: Review Reconciliation ï‚ § Substantive Test –Read MoreScientific Method Step Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesMethod Matching Exercise Resource In Part I, match each example from Column 2 with the correct step of the scientific method in Column 1. Explain the reasoning for your choice in Part II. Part I Column 1: Scientific Method Steps __g_ Observe __c_ Ask a question __a_ Create a hypothesis __b_ Conduct an experiment __d_ Collect data __f_ Interpret results __e_ Report results Column 2: Examples of Tasks 1) a) A scientist, based on his observation of the pond, believes that if a pond is exposed to theRead MoreFormal Observations : An Observational Study Of Research1618 Words   |  7 Pages Formal observations is an observational study of research. There’s usually no need to ask questions which are obvious like â€Å"are you male or female?† Instead of asking questions the observer notes whether the participant is a man or woman. One difference between a normal survey and formal observation is that observers often watch a number of people at once and then assess the difference and similarities between the people. For example, Albert Bandura and the Bobo doll experiment, Albert banduraRead MoreThe Basic Principles Underlying Peer Observation891 Words   |  4 Pagesthis article I shall look at the basic principles underlying peer observation and its value to institutions and to individual teachers. What is peer observation? Quality control or professional development? How should peer observation be organised? What are the advantages of peer observation for teachers? What are the advantages of peer observation for institutions? What is peer observation? Peer observation is the observation of teachers by teachers, usually, though not always, on a reciprocalRead Morecat dissection1089 Words   |  5 Pages Date: AP Cat Dissection Lab Report At the conclusion of the cat dissection, you will be required to submit a formal report. The format for this will differ from that of the osteoporosis lab report because the dissection is used as an opportunity to review structure and function for the major systems rather than to test a hypothesis and draw a conclusion. Please the following information as a guideline for compiling the lab report. Only one lab report per group is required. You do notRead MoreEssay on Bus310 Accounting Theory and Accountability954 Words   |  4 Pagestheory look for evidence to support the theory. This evidence should be independently observed and consistent after repeated observations. Some theories are speculative or ideas or guesses floated to encourage researchers to undertake the observations required to prove or disprove the theory. The question often debated is what comes first — the theory or the observation? For example, did Darwin start thinking about different species and the idea of natural selection or did evolution enter his thoughtsRead MoreThe Basic Process For Conducting Psychology Research797 Words   |  4 Pagesand sharing the findings. Case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation, and laboratory observation are some of the examples of descriptive or correlational research methods ps ychologists use to conduct their studies. Case study a collection of data about a person, event, group, or community. The data can be primary or secondary, and it is can be collected from many places, such as: employer s report, medical report, school report, personal experience, psychological evaluation, survey, interviewsRead MoreHow The School Collects Data Measure Overall Organizational Performance883 Words   |  4 Pagesstarting to collect data. When the school collects data, the school has to observe confidentiality. Therefore, when reporting data, it is important not to reveal students private information and only report on groups large enough to make it impossible to identify individuals. The school reports on groups that are twenty or more people and follows the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). The school seeks permission from the administration and parents, where appropriate, to collectRead MoreLalla1219 Words   |  5 Pages5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Participant Observation DeMUNCK and SOBO (1998) provide several advantages of using participant observation over other methods of data collection. These include that it affords access to the backstage culture (p.43); it allows for richly detailed description, which they interpret to mean that ones goal of describing behaviors, intentions, situations, and events as understood by ones informants is highlighted (p.43); and it provides opportunities for

Linguistics National Attachment and Generational Identity

Question: Discuss about theLinguistics for National Attachment and Generational Identity. Answer: Introduction The type of the myth that is created by the society itself reveals the approaching into the aspiration and the values of the society. The myth about the society defines the behaviour so that with the passage of time the myth tends to act like a prophecy that is self-fulfilling in nature. Thus, the individuals of the society start to apply the myth in their own daily lives. In the opinion of the author, every country develops certain national myths and national identity that may either have resemblance with the reality or may not[1]. The social identities can be considered both liberating and oppressive for the individuals in the society. The identity of Australia has often been negatively depicted as racist, hostile to art and homophobic. This increases the demand for accepting alternate offers by Australians. Discussion Unlike the myths of America, the myths of Australia have little relation with the realising of the ambition of an individual. Nevertheless, the myths of Australia regarding the Anzacs, mateship, egalitarianism and a belief in a fair go has been useful in obtaining a peaceful society where none of the individuals feels inferior or superior. As opined by the author, the myths do not have any support in Australia from all over the globe[2]. One of the myths of Australia is about the Anzac myth that refers to the exploitation of the brave soldiers of Australia who were determined to prove themselves as effective representatives of the fledging nation. However, the majority of the individuals were able to identify only a few of the Anzacs. Charles Bean sorted out the stories of heroism actively that took place in the battlefield and claimed that the nation of Australia was born at Gallipoli. In order to understand the importance of the myth in understanding the nation identity of Australia, studies have been conducted to determine the attitude of the Australians towards the Anzacs. From the survey data result, it can be stated that the Anzacs are an integral part for the Australians. The result further indicates that the mid aged and the young Australians associate the Australian identity with the Anzacs to a large extent. Opponent argued that among the tertiary educated, city dwellers and individuals having identity with left leaning political parties are less likely to give the Anzacs priority[3]. A famed character trait of the Australian is the mateship. It has been mentioned that Australia is the only nation that celebrates friendship within their national identities[4]. Therefore, celebrating friendship as national identity is considered as a unique trait of Australia. The concept of mateship became stronger after the World War 1. The soldiers of Australia realised that they were fighting a battle in Europe that was no such importance and had little to do with the Australians. It became a kind of justification for fighting for the mates. As per the history of Australia, it can be inferred that there is two influences of the celebration of mateship. The first influence that was identified was the suffering of extreme hardship during convict transport, war in Australia and economic downfall. The second reason was that a number of migrants to Australia did not have families and hence turned towards their mates or friends at times of need. On the contradictory, the author menti oned that not all the individuals in Australia had faced hardship or lacked family bonding[5]. Therefore, mateship has not been that important to certain Australians. Apart from this, as mateship has played a crucial role in shaping the social development of Australia, it is essential in understanding the present situation of Australia. In Australia, not every individual is equal and there is a clear difference among the individuals based on wealth and culture. Moreover, there exists difference among them even in the workplace as they have different level of responsibility, abilities and ranks. There have been circumstances where the critics have been trying to indicate the presence of the inequalities. Although the nation of Australia is not a society of equals, there is a myth that indicates that the society needs to be equal. The myth shapes how the Australians engage with each other in the society. Australians never had a national identity that has been prescribed by the politicians or institutions that helped the nation to wield the power. As stated by the author, the Australians had no existence until 1948 and were considered as British citizens[6]. On losing the identity of the British citizen, there were a number of Australians who had felt aimless and lost. In addition to this, the Australians have unsancti oned national identities for the maximum number of times. However, the identities have never been capable enough to build adequate status to enhance the minority status. As opined by the author, a belief in a fair go is characterised as wanting to help the loser over the tormenter[7]. The myth seemed to be find importance as the authorities treated the migrant in a similar way as they used to treat the convicts. The myth was more famous among the soldiers of the Australia. Moreover, there are many evidences that is effective in proving the importance of fair go shaping the behaviour of the soldiers of Australia. The belief in the fair go supports living and letting others live or ensure that the individuals do not hurt others. Therefore, such an identity cannot be considered as one of the liberating national identities on earth. In support of the fair go, the author mentioned that the Battle of Brisbane signified that the fair go myth can be applicable to attack the racism[8]. Majority of the cultures all over the globe are designed in such a manner that the culture is created around the ruling class and subservient class under it. The national ident ity of Australia is considered as a work in progress, where the individuals of the nation consider the future more important than the past. The national interest and the national identities need to be distinguished properly that helps to build a strong relation with the neighbours and have a proper alliance with USA. The Australians are confused about the identity as they are not aborigines, neither British, Europeans, Asian nor Americans. They need to understand the effective myth that they can use in order to unify themselves and create a sense of being Australian. The best way to define an Australian is to let the way they want to be. The Australians are citizens of the nation and they have to accept few core values and characteristics prevailing in the society of Australia. Conclusion Among the various myths of the nation, the myth regarding the Anzacs, mateship, egalitarianism and a belief in a fair go are effective in understanding the national identity of Australia. It can be inferred that Australia being a small country, often has to suffer from the difficulties regarding the national identities. Although there are many Australians whose ancestors were transported, there still exists a convict stain as the indigenous people are considered under the Australian identity myth. From the complete detailed study, it can be inferred that there is a lack of national identity and the presence of the identity can be effectively studied with the help of the various myth about the nation of Australia. Along with Australia, there are other nations too that suffer from national identity crisis. In terms of the national identity, Australians fall back on these myths to claim everything they authentically deserve. References West and H. Aarons, 'War Memory, National Attachment And Generational Identity In Australia' (2016) 52 Journal of Sociology. Anthony Moran, 'Multiculturalism As Nation-Building In Australia: Inclusive National Identity And The Embrace Of Diversity' (2011) 34 Ethnic and Racial Studies. Gillian Shenfield, 'Metformin: Myths, Misunderstandings And Lessons From History' (2013) 36 Aust Prescr. Steve Wood, 'Nations, National Identity And Prestige' (2014) 16 National Identities.

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essay Example For Students

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essay NUKE THE BASTARDS!A SATIREThe decision to drop the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was perhaps the greatest American achievement since the defeat of the Native Americans and their containment in reservations. Not only did it swiftly end the war but it showed the Russians who held the upper hand. It also paved the way for the Cold War, which increased America’s war machine to the unparalleled level it’s at today, as well as numerous memorable events such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. There was simply no other way to win without dropping the bombs. It was evident at the time that the only way to end the war quickly, as well as establish an advantage over the Russians, was to eliminate only about 300,000 Japanese people in a spectacular demonstration of American military power. Demonstrating the nuclear weapon to the Japanese with a â€Å"surrender or this will happen to you† type of ultimatum would have done nothing but made the Japanese fight harder and longer, causing hundreds of thousands of American deaths. The American military forces were at the end of their tethers, so invasion would have been impossible without significant loss of life. Through the years of island hopping and fighting the fortified Japanese forces, the Americans knew that the Japanese fought to the last man. In the months prior to the atomic bombings, Japanese civilians were being trained with basic weaponry and hustled into the military, ready to ward of invasion to protect their e mperor. Without demonstrating with a firm hand what was demanded by â€Å"unconditional surrender,† the Japanese would never have given up. When faced with total destruction, they chose to lay down their arms and allowed a peaceful invasion to take place. Since then, Japan has grown as one of the leading technological countries in the world. As for the civilians killed and the controversies that have gone on through the years as a result of their deaths, it was a demonstration. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the chosen targets mainly because of their military targets and for the geography. Scientists at the time did not know the full range of the atomic blast, and the tall mountains that mostly surrounded the two cities provided a way to contain the nuclear explosion. The number of civilians killed by the atomic blasts is greatly outnumbered by the total number of American and Japanese combined casualties that would have resulted from an American military invasion of Japan. The Russians at the same time were experimenting with nuclear technology. They had not yet figured out how to make the atomic bombs. When they witnessed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they knew that America had won the atomic arms race. When President Truman learned that the atomic bomb had been successfully tested he dealt with the Russians firmly and aggressi vely during the negotiating between leaders of both countries. Prime Minister Winston Churchill stated, â€Å"He told the Russians just where they got off and generally bossed the whole meeting.† Essentially this sparked many significant cultural events, most notably the Cold War and the Korean War, in which the United States has come out victorious. One could say that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have sparked events that have led to America being the most powerful country in the world. Without using nuclear weapons, America would not have made it out of World War II and come out on top. The Japanese were an enemy that would never cease fighting, and the Russians were a threat lingering in the background. It was a definite landmark in the history of the United States military as well as technological branches. In order to save millions of people from potentially years of fighting, the bombs were dropped and history ran its course. Creative Writing